Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild au Cap Ferrat

Les images de la Belle Époque (1871-1914) sur la Côte d'Azur donnent l'impression d'une époque dorée fantasque, débordante de plaisirs et de plaisirs. C'était une époque de pure fantaisie, de ce dont les petites filles pouvaient rêver : châteaux, demeures somptueuses, robes de bal et pantoufles de verre.

The Baroness

Baroness Charlotte Béatrice Ephrussi de Rothschild was born (in 1864) fabulously wealthy — a daughter of the multi-generational Rothschild bank-founding familyElle a été exposée dès son plus jeune âge aux produits de luxe et aux œuvres d’art fabuleuses et, comme ses parents, elle avait une passion pour la collection de belles choses.

At the age of 19, she was pushed into marriage with Maurice Ephrussi, who was 15 years her senior. The Ephrussi’s were a Russian-Jewish family who made a fortune controlling grain distribution, then made even more money in oil, and later founded a chain of banks called Ephrussi & Co. It was a power move for her father to promise his sophisticated yet virginal daughter to them.

Sans surprise, le mariage tourna rapidement au vinaigre pour Béatrice. Maurice était un homme faible de caractère et un mari infidèle. Peu de temps après leur mariage, elle découvrit qu'il lui avait transmis une grave maladie sexuellement transmissible, qui l'empêcherait d'avoir des enfants.

In 1902, Théodore Reinach (who also married into the Ephrussi family) began building a villa at Beaulieu sur Mer. Visiting his Villa Kerylos (qui est désormais également disponible à la visite), Béatrice est tombée amoureuse du quartier.

Maurice, too, was attracted to the South of France, because of the Casino de Monte Carlo, and he and Béatrice maintained residency in tax-free Monaco. C'était un joueur compulsif (à la fois aux cartes et aux courses de chevaux) et, en 1904, il avait poussé ses parents dans un gouffre de dettes de jeu colossales s'élevant à 12 millions de francs-or (l'équivalent de 30 millions d'euros aujourd'hui).

Worried about the family’s financial future and not wanting the Rothschild name to be associated Maurice or his mounting debts, Béatrice’s father finally agreed to bring him to court in order to file for a divorce. They won the case and in June 1904, after 21 years of marriage, their divorce was officially pronounced and their loveless marriage was finally over.

The Villa

Béatrice’s father died in 1905 (luckily, after her divorce) and she inherited part of his immense fortune. That same year, now 40 years old, she decided that she wanted a to start a fresh and independent new life, and that the way to do this was to construct her dream home in Cap Ferrat.

When she first discovered this 17-acre (69,000 m²) plot of land on Cap Ferrat, she was immediately seduced by the beauty of the surroundings. At the time the land was rather inaccessible; it was little more than a barren rocky area traversed by a mule track. When she learned the property was for sale and that the Belgian King, Léopold II, was also interested in it, she purchased it without hesitation and began building a luxurious villa in what later became known as the Goût Rothschild style.

The project, which included magnificent gardens, took seven years (1905 to 1912) to complete. Béatrice was especially fastidious when it came to the choice of an architect. She refused plans submitted by a dozen or so leading architects, including the projects proposed by Claude Girault (architect of the Petit Palais), and Henri-Paul Nénot (recipient of the Grand Prix de Rome and designer of the new Sorbonne). Architect Jacques-Marcel Auburtin se voit finalement confier la conception de la villa, ayant scrupuleusement répondu à toutes les exigences de Béatrice. Il était assisté d'Aaron Messiah, un architecte de Nice qui allait construire plusieurs villas pour l'aristocratie.

Villa Ile-de-France (as it was called at the time) is a pastiche of Veronese marble, Louis XV furniture, and thousands and thousands of Sèvres tureens.

Béatrice was such a good customer, that sellers were willing to load their art and furniture onto trains and bring their shops to her. She furnished her villa directly at the Gare de Beaulieu; a train would arrive from Paris loaded with furniture and works of art and Béatrice would select the artwork she wanted for her villa on the platform of the train station! Much of the art and furniture not selected for this villa would, instead, furnish her villa in Monaco.

Béatrice aimait l'art et utilisa sa fortune pour voyager dans le monde entier et acquérir une collection de tableaux comprenant des tableaux de maîtres anciens, des sculptures, des porcelaines rares et des meubles anciens. Elle aimait remplir la villa de ses collections d'art toujours plus nombreuses. Elle a également créé son propre zoo privé avec des oiseaux et des animaux exotiques, dont des flamants roses, des perroquets, des singes, des mangoustes, des antilopes et des gazelles. Elle en a fait un centre d'art de toutes sortes : soirées littéraires, musicales, rassemblements de collectionneurs d'art et conversations captivantes.

The Gardens

The villa is most famous for its nine themed gardens, as well as the rose and plant festival that takes place each May. Béatrice called upon the talents of several renowned designers including Harold Peto et Achille Duchêne — des architectes paysagistes très appréciés en Europe et aux États-Unis à l’époque.

The site chosen for the villa was not particularly conducive to the creation of a garden. Indeed, creating a park on a rocky promontory covered with trees and exposed to strong winds was quite a tour de force. Béatrice had the ground dynamited and large quantities of earth were brought in to re-level the surface. Hundreds of Italian workers were hired for these large-scale re-leveling works. It was not uncommon to see her employees hidden in pyramids of green cardboard, representing cypress trees, or maneuvering long strips of silver, grey and green fabric in an attempt to determine the exact location of the ponds, driveways and flower beds…

Béatrice was inspired by her travels to create nine distinct gardens designed around international themes. Spanish, Florentine or Japanese… garden of the Muses, garden of the Lapidary, the rose garden… Impeccable walk-ways, classical statues, palm trees, and rare floral fragrances surround this paradise. As it was in her time, every twenty minutes, the famous “musical fountain” still moves into action while playing Mozart.

The Desecration

Béatrice made the villa her winter residence and came here regularly for a period of ten or so years, dividing her time between Paris, Monaco and Deauville. Having been born in the Talleyrand hotel in Paris on the 14th of September 1864, she died in Davos, Switzerland on the 7th of April 1934, of tuberculosis. On her death, the Baroness donated the property and its collections to the Académie des Beaux Arts division of the Institut de France et il est désormais ouvert au public.

Pendant la Seconde Guerre mondiale, la France (sous le régime collaborationniste de Vichy) a participé au pillage systématique et à la liquidation de la villa et des collections du Cap Ferrat. Pendant la guerre, le Cap Ferrat a été déserté par ses habitants et la zone a été minée et pillée. La villa est restée sans surveillance et les jardins abandonnés pendant deux ans.

Rebirth & Dishonor

After the war, the male-dominated Academy of Fine Arts hired Louis Marchand to work on the badly neglected gardens, and restore them to their pre-war splendor. The building was repaired and a new color scheme chosen for the facades: while Béatrice had chosen ochre yellow, the Academy re-painted the villa in pink. Béatrice was a woman who knew what she wanted, and carefully chose every detail of the villa, making this a surprising move.

In an equally shocking (read: deeply sexist) move, the villa was renamed from Béatrice’s chosen name of ‘Ile de France’ to ‘Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild’. Beatrice’s horrible ex-husband’s name was added before hers, forever entwining their history in the public eye and unjustly giving him credit for a villa he had nothing to do with — in fact, he had never set foot in it! This would have disgusted Béatrice, who was a feminist and had to deal with sexism throughout her life. We hold out hope that the Academy will remove “Ephrussi” from the name in the near future.

Today, the villa and much of the gardens remain (although much of the land has been sold off) and, thanks to Béatrice, this estate is a major tourist attraction and money-maker for the French Riviera. It is not in very good condition, but still worth visiting to see the gardens and the surviving treasures collected by the Baroness.

Events to Attend

Many events are held at the villa. Check this post and our Calendrier des événements for updates.

Summer Evening Cocktail Parties: ‘Nocturnes de la Villa’

In July and August, the Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild stays open on some evenings so that you can discover the villa and its gardens during evening events that will revive the magic of the golden days of the Riviera. Live music, fountains, a bar, and candles all around the gardens will create the setting for a romantic and glamorous visit of the villa. The patio and the basins of the Jardin à la Française (French-style garden) will be illuminated by hundreds of candles.

The 2023 season of ‘Nocturnes de la Villa’ is planned for every Monday and Tuesday night from July 3 to August 22, 2023. The evenings will revolve around music in an array of forms, from Latin American to jazz, and the programme features a roster of talented artists with equally international backgrounds, such as Brazilian signer Márcio Faraco on the launch night, Canada’s opera great Marie-Nicole Lemieux on July 11 and France’s swing star Liane Foly on July 18, 2023. 

Some nights will (in addition to music) be accompanied by poetry readings, others by circus performances (July 13 and August 1, 2023) and dance recitals. The full programme can be found ici.

Given the spectacular backdrop of the Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild’s gardens and the various gastronomic offerings available, such as the dinner package at the onsite restaurant for €105 and the “Panier Fraîcheur” picnic meal on the lawns for €60, this series of 16 concerts will be a true treat for the senses.  

The standard entry price is €35 per person and €80 for a family of four. Reservations are required. Each of the concerts begins at 8pm and continues until midnight.

Evening Concert & Dinner Parties

From December to March, Villa Rothschild opens their doors after 6pm for the occasional concert and dinner party event. These memorable evenings are offered with intimate concerts, illuminated gardens and champagne. The concerts are followed by an optional candlelit dinner facing the bay of Villefranche. See timing, details and get tickets here.

Visiting Details

La villa (y compris les jardins) est ouverte à la visite et vaut le détour. Un salon de thé/restaurant a été aménagé dans l'ancienne salle à manger. Vous pourrez y déguster un délicieux en-cas dans ce havre de paix avec une vue imprenable sur la rade de Villefranche. A l'heure du déjeuner, le salon de thé propose des plats légers (salades, quiches ou plat du jour).

Site web: Official Villa Ephrussi de Rothschild website

Nearby: If you fancy making a day out of it, consider also walking over to the Greek Villa Kerylos , which is a pleasant walk down the coast in Beaulieu, with stunning views.

Vouloir plus? Voici un liste des villas célèbres, les célébrités qui les possédaient et les choses folles qui s'y sont passées.