Atalhos
Crime em Marselha
Marselha está situada na costa sul da França, 110 milhas a oeste da famosa e brilhante Riviera. É a cidade francesa mais antiga, datada de 600 aC, e abriga aproximadamente 850.000 habitantes, sendo a segunda maior cidade da França.
We recommend you don’t go near this dangerous and corrupted city.
It is a city of contrasts, with the richer, mostly white areas south of the city center and the poorer northern districts from the center of the city, where 40% of people live below the poverty line. Many call Marseille the poorest city in France. Those with money live in the suburbs, whilst the northern districts are cramped with high rise blocks (sometimes referred to as ghettos) mostly occupied by immigrants and disenfranchised youth.
O crime é abundante na cidade, com altas taxas de homicídios e crimes relacionados às drogas, e só está piorando: Marselha está enfrentando problemas sociais crescentes. As áreas nos distritos do norte tornaram-se áreas 'proibidas' para a polícia e os moradores fazem seus próprios bloqueios de estradas para monitorar quem entra e aplicar sua própria forma de disciplina e punição. A guerra de gangues é a norma e os cartéis de drogas operam com relativa impunidade e carregam abertamente Kalashnikovs, que se tornaram a arma preferida.
As Marseille is a large port city, this has meant that it has become a magnet for immigration. There is no way of knowing how many Arabs/Muslims live in any individual city, because registration by religion or ethnic origin is forbidden by law, however the latest research in Marseille suggests that around one-third of ‘Marseilles’ are now Muslim. Back in 2006, it was reported that 70,000 city residents were considered to be of Maghrebian origin, mostly Algerian. The second largest group in Marseille in terms of single nationalities were from the Comoros, amounting to some 45,000 people. This has increased tremendously as migrants flee the troubles of their African and Middle Eastern countries. This group does not assimilate well with native Marseilles.
As taxas de criminalidade são mais de 5 vezes maiores do que qualquer outra cidade na França. The murder rate is especially high, as young men are routinely trapped and burned alive. This happens so often that it even has a name: it’s called a ‘Marseille barbecue’, and it’s part of gang or drug-related crimes.
Os assaltos são violentos e geralmente envolvem muitas pessoas, que carregam armas. Aproximar-se em scooters é uma tática comum. Como o desemprego juvenil é relatado em até 40%, crimes de roubo e assalto para obter objetos de valor facilmente vendidos são comuns.
Como se tudo isso não bastasse, Marselha também tem uma guerra contínua com o grupo separatista da Córsega FLNC, e eles realizaram ataques a bomba em muitos hotéis em Marselha.
If you must visit Marseille, use common sense and don’t put yourself at risk by entering areas known for high crime rates (like the third arrondissement –the poorest area in France– where over 50% live beneath the poverty line). Don’t travel alone at night. If you have an air of confidence about you and you look at home with your surroundings, you are less likely to be attacked.
Confira nosso dicas de especialistas sobre como evitar o crime na Riviera Francesa and see our Marseille-specific tips below.
Por trás do crime que deu a Marselha sua reputação de narcotraficante
Marselha tem uma longa história de atividades criminosas envolvendo a máfia, mas há um crime em particular que deu a esta cidade a reputação de capital do narcotráfico: a 'Conexão Francesa'. É uma história incrível que começa com o dinheiro nazista roubado e termina com a corrupção na década de 1970 em Nova York.
In the 1930s, Corsican mafia leader Paul Carbone realized that there was money to be made on the streets of America by selling heroin. He began transporting poppy seeds from Turkey to France – via Marseille – and then on towards Canada and, eventually, the US. This route (soon dubbed the ‘French Connection’) used Marseille as a thoroughfare because it was one of the busiest ports in the Mediterranean, meaning shipments were more difficult to detect.
A man called Auguste Ricord worked with Carbone to finance the operation. It is believed that the money Ricord provided was obtained during his time with the French Gestapo, a branch of the Nazi party, in the years that made up World War II. US authorities were aware of the French Connection as early as 1937, having discovered a number of Marseille-based labs that were turning morphine paste into heroine. However, the CIA allegedly protected the gangue da Córsega por causa da ajuda que forneceram para impedir que os comunistas franceses assumissem o controle do Porto Velho de Marselha no final da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Isso acabou sendo um grande erro para os americanos.
A French Connection gradualmente começou a enviar quantidades cada vez maiores de drogas para a América ao longo dos anos 1950 e 1960. Estima-se que, em 1960, cerca de 5.000 libras de heroína (2.300 kg) chegavam às ruas americanas pela rota todos os anos. As autoridades francesas supostamente relutaram em prender um dos principais líderes da gangue, pois ele havia feito parte da Resistência Francesa durante a Segunda Guerra Mundial.
O governo dos Estados Unidos tentou fazer com que a Turquia reduzisse a quantidade de ópio exportado, mas acabou sabendo que teria de acabar com a máfia por conta própria. As autoridades dos EUA (com a ajuda de aliados internacionais) reprimiram a atividade do tráfico e, no início dos anos 1970, apreenderam barcos cheios de drogas e prenderam centenas de pessoas. Ao mesmo tempo, muitos membros da máfia envolvidos foram mortos devido a brigas com outras gangues. Em meados dos anos 70, a Conexão Francesa foi destruída.
A French Connection trouxe uma enorme quantidade de drogas para os EUA – e muitos policiais de Nova York usaram o esquema para enriquecer. Na verdade, o envolvimento do NYPD ainda está no centro de um dos momentos mais importantes da história.escândalos de corrupção mais infames e não resolvidos: em 1962, um grande carregamento de drogas - contendo mais de 400 libras de heroína e cocaína avaliadas em $ 73 milhões - foi apreendido da gangue French Connection. Em 1972, descobriu-se que as drogas, que estavam guardadas em um cofre da polícia de Nova York, haviam sido substituídas por farinha e amido de milho e, ao longo de um período de dez anos, vendidas nas ruas da América. Quatro policiais da cidade de Nova York foram implicados, um dos quais foi morto posteriormente.
Um dos mafiosos do French Connection - eventualmente condenado por um total de 455 anos por seus crimes - está atualmente definhando em uma prisão americana; Anthony Casso é talvez a única pessoa no mundo que saberá quem foi realmente o responsável por vazar drogas nas ruas.
The French connection is the stuff of legends – and prime material Hollywood. In 1971, William Friedkin (who famously went on to direct ‘The Exorcist’) made a movie called ‘The French Connection’, starring Gene Hackman. But the French were already using Marseille as a notorious backdrop long before this. Films like Jacques Deray’s 'Borsalino’ (1970), starring two of France’s most popular actors at the time, showed rival gangsters and warring mafia families. Locals in Marseille had known for a long time that the city was home to nefarious mafia behavior, but it was the Oscar-winning success of ‘The French Connection’ that really brought awareness to an international audience.
Marseille’s infamy continues to this day, with Netflix’s grandiose Marseille series and Cédric Jimenez’s 2014 version of the drug bust starring Jean Dujardin, called ‘La French’. It appears as if this is one aspect of Marseille’s history that it will never shake.
2024 Update
In late March 2024, French President Emmanuel Macron initiated a multi-week crackdown on drug trafficking in Marseille, a city that has been plagued by gang violence, resulting in dozens of deaths and making life unbearable for many residents. During his unexpected visit to the southern port city, which is set to host several events for the Paris 2024 Olympics, Macron announced that more than 80 individuals had already been apprehended in the initial raids. Over the next three weeks, approximately 4,000 police officers will be deployed weekly in Marseille and its surrounding areas. The President commenced his visit with a walkabout in the northern district of La Castellane , one of the worst-affected areas, assuring residents that the operation aims to “try to destroy the networks and the traffickers.”
Joseph Downing – a senior lecturer in politics and international relations, who grew up on a London council estate and lives in Marseille, where he has studied the relationship between the cités and police – said it was impossible for Britons to grasp how awful the estates are. He says that “in terms of the disrepair of the housing stock, the absence of the state – the absence of anybody – we can’t comprehend it’s possible. The police are even scared to go there. For us, this is unthinkable. These places are literally outside the state. If you call the police as a resident, they will not come.”
Perspectiva e dicas de um local
“I’m an English guy who’s been living in Marseille since July 2014 and am offering an update on the crime and safety situation from a local perspective. Myself and cada morador com quem falo aqui tem experiência de crime em primeira mão, sendo os mais comuns furtos, batedores de carteira, furto de carros, furto de bicicletas/motos. Já roubaram uma bolsa, vi o ladrão pegar e fui atrás dele. Esta é a primeira vez que algo assim me aconteceu, tenho quase cinquenta anos e morei em algumas áreas duvidosas das principais cidades do Reino Unido com o pior que aconteceu sendo uma bicicleta roubada do hall de entrada de alguns apartamentos onde eu morava .
Certain parts of Marseille are a lot more dangerous than others. The forest of CCTV cameras recently installed may have made areas like the Vieux Port and Panier safer but based on my experiences and what I’ve heard from long term residents, here are some points to bear in mind:
- Furtos de joias, especialmente correntes de pescoço, ocorrem no bonde e no metrô. Também roubos de relógios, então se alguém te perguntar as horas, você não sabe. Por que eles perguntariam a hora em que quase certamente têm um telefone celular?
- Os batedores de carteira operam por toda a cidade, mas especialmente no metrô. A estação St Charles está hoje em dia repleta de guardas de segurança e soldados. Tenha muito cuidado com as pessoas esbarrando em você, grupos de jovens chutando uma bola de futebol que cruza seu caminho ... e quando o jovem vai pegar a bola, ele de alguma forma esbarra em você enquanto seu cúmplice está alcançando o celular que eles viram antes em delineado no bolso da calça.
- Hoje em dia uso várias carteiras escondidas quando estou no centro da cidade, porque já perdi a conta ao número de tentativas de roubo que foram feitas. Eu tenho uma bolsa de ombro que pode levar um smartphone, carteira, molho de chaves e pode ser escondida sob a roupa. As pessoas locais que conheço nunca carregam uma bolsa com elas à noite.
- Sugiro deixar para trás o seu belo relógio de marca, joias de ouro e smartphone e quando estiver na rua, use um dos mapas gratuitos disponíveis nas informações turísticas.
- The area bordered by Allee Gambetta , Rue de la Grande Armee and la Canebiere should be avoided as should the side streets near St Charles station . There’s nothing of any interest around there in any case. One exception might be the vegetarian restaurant Grain du Sable on rue Baignoir, open lunchtimes.
- The area running from Cours Belsunce , around Rue Colbert up to Port d’Aix is extremely dangerous and notorious for snatch thefts. An ambulance crew, collecting a patient recently had their smartphones and the works phone stolen from the front of the ambulance while they were getting the patient in to the back. This was where I had a bag snatched in broad daylight. So if you’re thinking of strolling up to the Arc de Triomphe and having a picnic on the grass under the trees – don’t. This area is also the end of the motorway A7 and there are reports of motorists being robbed who’ve come off the motorway and stopped the car to check directions.
- Todos os dias vejo pelo menos dois ou três carros com o vidro traseiro amassado. Se você traz um carro com placa de fora da cidade, principalmente estrangeiro, é só uma questão de quando, não se, ele vai ser arrombado.
- The beaches are also notorious for thefts. Plage Prophete , Catalans and Prado have free cloakrooms from June to September and you are well advised to use them.
- As a visitor, you may well end up around Cours Julien , which is a lively area with some great cafes, bars and several excellent venues for live music. Unfortunately it’s also become a magnet for druggies, street drinkers and aggressive beggars and care should be taken in this neighborhood.
- Some music venues you might find your way to are the Docks de Sud which is a superclub holding techno, drum and bass all-nighters and Le Nomad . Both are in the beginnings of the Quartiers Nords, the nearest metro station is Bougainville although Docks de Sud is on the tram network. You should organize transport back to wherever you’re staying (unless you’re planning on an all-nighter) this is definitely not a neighborhood to wander around in after dark.
- Bougainville is also pretty sleazy day or night with drug dealers openly operating under the noses of the security guards.
- Há muitos festivais gratuitos, cinema ao ar livre no verão e, novamente, cuidado com bolsas, pertences nessas situações.
- Another venue, not very easy to access, is the Friche Belle de Mai , a former factory with a spectacular rooftop bar which opens on Fridays and Saturday nights during the summer, it hosts some of the best club and live music nights the city has to offer. It’s in a poor neighborhood, some consider dangerous, although I’ve never experienced problems around there or felt unsafe. Nearby is a repertory cinema, the Gyptis , which has films in their original language.
- There are news reports of robbers posing as fake Police, using a blue flashing light on their car, pulling over drivers to then demand wallets, mobile phones, and other valuables. These thefts are occurring on motorways during the early hours, between 2am and 6am and are reported to be taking place in Marseille and all along the French Riviera. Something to be careful of if you’re driving.
Don’t be put off coming here, I love the city and I’m very happy here, but it is dangerous, violent and crime infested and is somewhere you need to be on your guard to a much greater extent than in other places.
Much of the serious crime is gang and drug related and is most unlikely to affect a visitor unless you take a bus out to one of the housing projects in the notorious Quartiers Nord and look for trouble. These are like the favelas of Latin America, entire housing projects or estates controlled by criminal gangs which the police can only enter when there are several vans full of them, armed with assault rifles and body armor. If you’re curious, the ‘Hotel du Nord project’ offers home-stays in the North of the city and guided walks. Some efforts are being made to improve the lives and chances of people in these areas but to a large extent whole sections of society are disenfranchised.
All I can say is these are my views based upon lived experience of twelve months in Marseille. I hope it’s helpful.”
Saber mais
Confira nosso dicas de especialistas sobre como evitar o crime na Riviera Francesa, e aprenda sobre gaseamentos e invasões de casas.
Aqui está uma análise detalhada do crime, dividida por cidade:
